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How do you define God?

I begin with the understanding of the limitations that we are under in order to truly exhaust an answer to this question in this type of forum. However, this being said, we do have enough from which to built on in creating a fundamental understanding to this question and how our theology is built.

All theological perspectives are developed from within the foundation, yet individual answer to this question. In all expressed terms, in order to present the arguments of theology (the study of God: theo+logy) assumptions must first be created in the mind of the theologian as to the very nature and position of (God) matter. The categories of this assumptions being labeled by presuppositions established in the philosophical or Biblical views.

It is possible for an agreement to exist between a philosophical and a Bible viewpoint relating to the existence and nature of God. However, the philosophical will always be lacking in trying to understand through logic the transcendence and immanence of God.

An early 1900′s Dictionary (White’s Modern Dictionary of the English Language) gave a simple yet conscientious definition of the word God. White’s definitions is, The Supreme Being.

A 2008 copyright edition of Webster’s New World College Dictionary, Fourth Edition, defines God is the following manner:

1. any of various beings conceived of as supernatural, immortal, and having special powers over the lives and affairs of people and the course of nature;

2. an image that is worshiped;

3. a person or thing deified or excessively honored and admired;

4. in monotheistic religions, the creator and ruler of the universe, regarded as eternal, infinite, all-powerful, and all-knowing;

Take into consideration the definitions given by these two dictionaries in a space of 100 years, and you can see why theological views may differ when a definition for God can evolve to a modern definition pointing to 4 possible applications. The Supreme Being of the early 1900s has become a possible alternative meaning in the early 2000. Why is this important? If the object of the study can evolve in definition, then the research methods and viewpoints will only follow.

An effort has been made in these times to provide alternative meanings, where man is free to choose a definition that will align with his own personal beliefs. Instead of beginning with God in our theology, we begin with our own methodology and presuppositions; fit them into a preconceived and self-adequate definition of God, and finally build theological views and positions that are, what may be called, user-friendly. We end up with distorted views of God that are then passed along from generation to generation, each readjusting the building blocks used to fit the current mood of society.

Is the theology of today a representation of the theology presented by the early church? Or better asked, Is our view of God today the same as that found in the Bible? You may believe that God is unchanging, as indicated in Scripture, however, the very study of God (theology) continues to evolve and adjust to the sentiment of the people and times they live in. The reality is that as our theology changes, so does our perspective of the God we know.

It is then of great concern for anyone who is involved in theological studies to measure there results with the one thing that does not change, the Word of God. If we solely depend upon the opinions of men, then truly we take a risk of distorting our view of who God is to us, and transfer that distorted view to those who are willing to hear us. It is how we have come, as indicated above, to a point in our modern times of having multiple definitions available on God, and how we define Him.

First let me say that the structure of Christianity is one that is based on exclusivity. Exclusivity comes from the idea of shutting out other considerations, or better defined as excluding all but what is specified. The position of exclusivity is one that is radical and leaves no room to be negotiated.

In Christianity a foundational position is that no other religion or belief structure is true other than what has been centered on the person of Jesus the Christ. Take a look at these statements made by Jesus: “I am the bread which came down from heaven”; “I am the bread of life”; “I am from him, and he hath sent me”; “I am the light of the world”; “I am from above”; “I proceedeth forth and came from God”; “I am the door”; “I give unto them eternal life”; “I and my Father are one”; “I am the resurrection and the life”; “I am the way, the truth, and the life: no man cometh unto the Father, but by me”. Notice the focus on the “I” found throughout these statements. In just these few statements, Jesus was establishing the exclusivity for eternal life to be found only in the Christian faith. He is the only way to eternal life. All other ways are excluded and this is exclusivity.

Now, tolerance comes from the idea of recognizing and respecting others beliefs and practices without sharing them. There are many religions in the world that have established their own systems of beliefs and practices, and in religious tolerance, we are asked to recognized and respect each one. However, the Christian faith presents an exclusive position. What tolerance can be found between darkness and light, life and death, or salvation and condemnation. The principles of Christianity separate our beliefs and practices to direct contradictions found in all other religious systems. However, it is love and not tolerance that the Christian has been told to reflect. We are told to love our neighbors. This is to be accomplished without compromising our beliefs.

Can Christianity co-exist with other religious beliefs? Of course. We do so everyday. We are instructed to do so in love. However, in Christianity there is not an equality shared with other belief systems. We do not compromise truth. The fact is that there is only one way and all others lead down the path of condemnation. We do not compromise for the sake of unity, but show compassion through love for the masses that have erred in choosing a path that is not centered on Jesus, the Son of God. All roads do not lead to God.

The Modern Shift

There is no question that there has been a modern shift found in today’s theological circles. We have ventured into a time where man does not keep up with theology. Instead, theology must keep up with man and must meet man’s approval, if it is to be accepted as having met the right to be included in theological purposes.
When religion is socialized into a cultural phenomena, then the shifts is society through cultural adjustments also affects the theological views that surround that religion. Taking this into account, when you extract the unchanging spiritual truths found in Scripture, to make the religion fit the relevance of a modern society, you fall into an unstable reality of who or what God is. This in turn, makes the study of that God view a shifting and unpredictable theology that adjusts itself to fit the current modern viewpoints in the society. Theology then becomes an assortment of opinions based on social translations. Acceptance by a world society is what becomes key in the inclusion of a theological viewpoint in religion today. Any contradictions between these modern day theological viewpoints and the Scriptural text is explained away as the necessary growth of knowledge for understanding God and His relevance to the changing times. The personal experience and application does away with a structured unity that is to be found in a corporal body of many believers whose mission should be to become one under the truth found in the Bible, and not fall into an individualistic method of finding God or theological truths that is acceptable by all under religious toleration.
The truth is that a secular and contemporary culture will establish a secular and contemporary theology to follow. The fact is that if we remove the permanence of the message and application of Scripture and make it only partially relevant to a secular and contemporary society, then we have transformed that theology from its original purpose and meaning. Today’s religion adopts its theology by maintaining its central message of salvation, regardless of the foundational mechanism required to obtain that salvation found in a secularized and tolerant theology which allows itself to be interpreted or manipulated to fit a society that abhors the exclusivity of Scripture and the truths found therein.

There is no doubt that we live in a world in turmoil. Our society proceeds forward with very little knowledge and understanding of the issues that affect, or will affect, the nations as we see them. It is not my intention to enter into a debate as to why the world has chosen the paths that it has. Neither is it to judge our national leaders and their capabilities.

However, there is a question that does need addressing and that does require some sense of accountability. That question is, ‘Where is the Church today?.’ I do not speak about the 10 different church buildings found on the same street in our towns. Nor do I speak of the numerous choices among denominations to fit everyone’s personality and method of Christian service.

I speak of the Church that was founded by, and who’s cornerstone is, our Lord Jesus Christ. That body of  believers that represents His bride. I speak of that Church that stands on Biblical principles and refuses, at all costs, to compromise its Christian morals and beliefs. That Church that charges forward to present the Kingdom of God, not as one denomination, but as one body. That one that suffers when any part of its body is suffering. The one that stands boldly in the face of opposition and as Peter said to the leaders of his time, “You decide what God would want. Should we obey you or God? We cannot keep quite. We must speak about what we have seen and heard” (Acts 4:19-20 NCV). Peter continued by answering to the command to be silent by declaring, “We must obey God, not human authority!” (Acts 5:29 NCV).

It is evident that the Church has lost its unity and has been for the most part silenced. Take a look at the statistics alone in the United States. This is a nation that according to a 2007 Pew Research Center Survey, proclaims to be 78.5% Christian (source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States). I do not know what definition many may have as to what constitutes a majority, but a minimum 51% should be enough to turn the tides to create change. Why is it then that the Church has been silenced and limited by an obvious minority?

Jesus said that we are the light of the world in Matthew 5:14. He goes on to say in verse 16, “Let your light so shine before men, that they may see your good works and glorify your Father in heaven.” In other words, we have not been called to grow dim and hide in the shadows, but have been called to ‘shine’ in a way that it be seeing by ALL men. When Jesus declares in verse 14, “A city that is set on a hill cannot be hidden”, He was not referring to any place of governance but to His Church.

Have we allowed our light to grow dim? Just look around and honestly ask yourself, what impact has the Church made in the world in the last 25 years? In all truth, the last 35 – 40 years have represented a large shift in morality and what is acceptable for the sake of a so-called tolerance. Again, keep in mind that self-proclaim Christians hold a 78.2% majority in the United States alone.

Who’s to blame and who is at fault? Where is that city that should be set on a hill? Where is that new Jerusalem composed of believers from all Christian groups? To be dim is to compromise the light with darkness. Has the Church compromise for the sake of complacency and funding?

This is the age of information. Never in history has so much information been shared in such a short period of time. This primarily due to the introduction of the internet. Today websites abound in the search engines touching on every subject found in Christianity. What was once limited by demographics and time restraints, is now open to an entire world.

This is a far cry from the times of past theologians such as Augustine, Aquinas, Zwingly, Arminius or Calvin. Yet still today, we study the writings of these theologians and for the most part, reference their teachings in the foundations of our doctrinal beliefs. These, and for that matter, theologians of the beginning of the past century, did not benefit from an information system as is provided to us through this technological age. Their studies into any subject or topic of the Christian faith would have required many months if not years to complete. Keep in mind that these did not benefit from our Google or Yahoo search engines. Each point had to be dissected through a manual search of archives and a constant dedication to prayer for clarification.

Roger E. Olson, in The Story of Christian Theology, explains the differences in levels of importance found in Christian beliefs. He goes on to explain the differences between dogmas [worth serious and even heated defense, such as for the Trinity and incarnation], doctrines [considered essential to the Christian in their groups, such as part of their particular tradition, denomination, or church], and theological opinions or individual interpretations [matters of indifference 'adiaphora', for example details of belief about the exact nature of angels and about the details of events surrounding the second coming of Christ].

It is here where the distinctions of traditional theology must take place. What has been handed down as dogmas normally stay within the foundation of every system of belief in time. It is the responsibility of all theologian today to safeguard those traditional theologies that represent our dogmas [that which is certain]. Doctrines are developmental based on the specific inclinations of a group with regards to their traditions. It is the responsibility of the individual theologian in their specific groups to present and uphold the doctrines that form part of the core teachings of that specific group. However, the individual theologian must accept that other groups exist with their one particular doctrines which may differ from their own. Theological Opinions are ever changing based on the times and the interpreter’s point of view. It is the responsibility of all theologians to understand the limits of their own Theological Opinions as a matter of choice in an inconclusive topic.

Today we have at our fingertips the ability to isolate within seconds information through the web on any specific topic. Yet we continue to rely on the teachings of these theological laborers to anchor our system of beliefs. We use their writings for teaching the principles of Christianity today in our classrooms and churches. We seek to present a stamp of approval in our discussions by quoting their work. We establish relevance to our lectures in the sole mention of their names.

Yet differences existed then as they do today between this theologians. Their viewpoints where as diversified as well. They sought to present their positions and argue for the right to discern Scripture in light of new understanding or interpretation of the application of the text. The theologians of those past times experienced persecution from the structured church in their specific age, if they deviated in anyway from a consensus viewpoint and teaching.

Today we have branched out into a great number of schools of thought in the various subjects of theology. We have even tolerated the introduction of a new postmodern theology, seeking to fit into relevance a culture and society that finds itself worlds apart from the culture and society of those ancient times. This is not totally a bad idea until we stop utilizing the Scriptures as the instrument of reference and solely begin the structure of our new theology through a sole connection with the writings of theologians that stand on our side of the aisle, not differentiating between what are dogmas, what are doctrines, and what are theological opinions.

We must study and return to the building of theology in the same manner as those that positioned all matters of the faith based on the text of the Scriptures. This is what has stood against the test of time to make the writings of those theologians of the past centuries, foundational to the dogmatic positions today. We can agree to disagree on the interpretation of a Biblical text. However, positions that are presented based on the ideologies of those that have drifted away from the Scriptural reference, itself carries very little weight and should have no influence in dogmatic theological issues.

So, being careful to maintain the Scriptures as centered in the foundation of our theological arguments and categorizing the issue into one of three positions [dogma, doctrine, and theological opinion], we can truly see the impact that traditional theology [whether accepted or dismissed as irrelevant by the Church] has done on today’s modern Christian worldview.

Why Study Theology?

A question that comes up regularly in Christian circles is, Why study theology? In other words, is it truly necessary for the regular layperson to study theology? The basis of this question comes from a resistance, in some cases justified, to not over complicating serving God. The study of theology is categorized in the same arena as studying philosophy. I mean, is this not the pastor’s job to study theology then provide us with what we need on Sunday mornings? With the amount of different positions found within the church, you can find theology that is contradictory to itself. So the question is, if the theology of the church is so divided, then why not leave this to those who have been called to teach it?

The answer is, theology is necessary to avoid ignorance that can lead to accepting erroneous doctrines. It is also necessary to understand the doctrines that we have accepted in light of the body of believers we have chosen to serve with.

To avoid the study of theology does not change the fact that we daily practice theology in our beliefs. In many cases what we find is that many do not truly understand the foundations of the beliefs that they have chosen to stand on. We feel that it is our leader’s responsibility to prepare theologically and pass on to us what they have learned. I am not in agreement with this point of view. I believe that all Christians are responsible for preparing themselves to check and verify the teachings of those have been given the role of leaders and teachers in our lives.

Many false teachers have gone out with a perverted theology based on assumptions and erroneous interpretations without any type of hindrance, due primarily to a reliance upon the ignorance of many and the ability to go unchecked.

Charles C. Ryrie wrote in his book, Basic Theology, “There is nothing wrong with being an amateur theologian or a professional theologian, but there is everything wrong about being an ignorant or a sloppy theologian.”

Theology is the study of God. We should have a desire to learn as much as we can about the God that we serve. It will not only bless us and provide us with necessary knowledge, but the study of theology will also protect us against accepting as true, false teaching and bad interpretations due to ignorance. This is why all theology should be studied and compared with the Holy Scriptures and discussed in Christian circles.

Now I do not believe that everyone is called to seek academic degrees in the subject of theology, although I do believe that with the current conveniences of online seminaries on the internet that provide programs easily adjustable to our busy lives today, some that at one time may have found it difficult to go to school are now have an opportunity of preparing themselves in this way. However, even if this is not the case for you, setting aside some time to read over information found in issues related to theology provides you an advantage over those that have chosen to just sit and do nothing.

Theology is not only valuable, but also necessary. It’s main source is the Bible. It’s study is inexhaustible as it is centered on our Creator. We will not fully comprehend God through the study of theology. However, He has established a relationship with us that allows us to gain some knowledge through divine generosity on His part. He has provided us with the Holy Spirit in order to embark on this learning process. Romans 1:19 provides the basis for a partial understanding as it reads, “Because that which may be known of God is manifest in them; for God hath shewed it unto them”, and summarized in 1 Corinthians 1:11-12, “For what man knoweth the things of a man, save the spirit of man which is in him? even so the things of God, knoweth no man, but the Spirit of God. Now we have received, not the spirit of the world, but the spirit which is of God; that we might know the things that are freely given to us of God”. This confirmed by Jesus Himself in John 14:26, “But the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in My name, He shall teach you all things…”

In the subject of Bibliology (the study of the Bible), I thought it necessary to begin with this introduction. It represents the standard by which we should be studying theology.

A common phenomenon in the church today is the initial passion that new believers bring to the reading of the Word of God. New Christians dive into the Scriptures in search of understanding. However, as time goes by we slowly begin to see a dwindling and lost of interest, and most importantly, a lost of the importance of reading the Word of God daily.

The results can be seen on a recent poll of how many Christian actually read their Bibles. According to the results of the poll, 16% of Americans say that they read the Bible every day, 21% say they read it weekly, 12% say they read the Bible monthly, 10% say less than monthly and 41% say that they rarely or never read the Bible. (Source: http://www.centerforbibleengagement.org)

Another danger that we encounter is a moving away from the Scriptures and replacing it with the reading of materials that reference the text. Whether it be commentaries, Christian history books, writings by theologians (both past and present), they cannot replace the need to open the Bible and reading the text for yourself. Although there is nothing wrong with utilizing other references in its study, we have moved into an age where the place of the Bible is second to all other writings that are filled with its interpretations. We must use the Bible first and hold all other writings accountable, comparing what the Bible has to say about any given topics.

Why is it important to return to the study of the Bible? Well, it is in the Word  that you find daily instructions for living a life for God. It is His revelation of Himself. It represents His revelation to you. The Bible is not just a book filled with stories and good advise. It is a guide to experiencing all that God has for you in this life.  We find that we easily get caught up on the technicalities of its structure, only to diminish the application of its message.

So yes, the Bible can be viewed as a book composed of many other books and letters, written by many authors, in a span of thousands of years. It is filled with the accounts of many lives, poems and songs, and the history of a nation. It is a book that provides the accounts of creation and the introduction of man and his fall from an original position of relationship and intimacy with God.

However, it also gives an account of God’s plan of redemption put into action in Jesus our Lord. It is a revelation of the God we have chosen to serve. It provides us with instructions and corrections to living a victorious life in Christ. It provides the right words in our time of need. In it we will find a living Word that will discern our intentions, adapting itself to any circumstances, bypassing the age of its writing to become applicable to today’s world.

If you want to live a victorious life now, get passionate about reading the Word of God. You do not have to wait to get to heaven to begin living a blessed life.

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